Ua ntej, kev lag luam ntaiv txhais tau tias:
Lub tsev yog siv los ua kev tiv thaiv rau cov tsheb khiav nruab nrab ntawm cov plag tsev. Siv rau tsheb sib txuas ntawm cov plag tsev thiab sib txawv loj. Hauv cov vaj tsev ntau ntau thiab theem siab siab nrog lub elevator thiab lub tsev kom siab ua lub ntsiab kev tsheb thauj mus los, ntaiv kuj tseem muab. Cov tsev siab siab, txawm tias siv cov elevators ua lub ntsiab loj thauj, tab sis tseem yuav tsum muaj cov ntaiv rau hluav taws thaum khiav tawm.
Stair kev lag luam txhais thiab kev faib tawm
Cov ntaiv muaj cov kauj ruam txuas ntxiv (tseem hu ua ntaiv), chaw ua haujlwm (chaw so) thiab thaiv cov kab. Qis qib qis tshaj ntawm tus ntaiv thiab qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nce ntaiv kab rov tav qhov chaw taws teeb rau qhov ntaiv, qhov siab tag nrho ntawm tus ntaiv nce siab. Thaum lub sijhawm Warring States lub sijhawm, daim duab ntawm lub tsev hnyav ntawm lub tooj dag tau raug kos nrog lub ntaiv. 15 mus rau 16 xyoo pua Ltalis, tus ntaiv sab hauv tsev los ntawm qhov chaw ib txwm kaw rau hauv qhov kev ywj pheej, ua rau nws hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv nrog ib feem zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev.
Thib ob, stair kev faib tawm:
Tsev tsim ua ib qho khoom siv rau cov kev sib tshuam. Los ntawm cov kauj ruam txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaiv, platform thiab hnab ntawv qauv. Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum teeb tsa tus taw ntaiv hauv tsev siab siab nrog lub elevator. Cov ntaiv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov staircase zoo tib yam thiab cov ntaiv tshwj xeeb. Ordinary staircase muaj xws li cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, cov staircase steel thiab staircase ntoo, nrog rau cov pob zeb ua kev txhawb nqa rau hauv cov qauv tawv, cov hluav taws, nqi, kev tsim kho, qauv tsim thiab zoo li ntawd muaj ntau qhov zoo dua, cov ntawv thov. Cov ntaiv tshwj xeeb feem ntau muaj cov ntaiv kev nyab xeeb, hluav taws ntaiv, tus ntaiv nce 3 yam.
Raws li qhov chaw muaj peev xwm raug muab faib ua cov ntaiv sab hauv tsev thiab theem ntaiv sab nraum zoov. Sab hauv tsev ntaiv, qhov tseeb cia tau piav qhia meej meej, daim ntawv thov nrog ntau thaj chaw hauv tsev sab hauv, vim muaj kev coj ua kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev thiab zoo nkauj, taw ntaiv rau sab hauv tsev kom tawv ntoo staircase, steel staircase, steel thiab iav, txhawb ntxiv pob zeb ua si lossis ntau cov khoom sib xyaw. , Yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov tsev qib siab, cov hlau thiab iav sib xyaw ua qauv ntaiv hauv chaw ua haujlwm niaj hnub, chaw ua haujlwm hauv tsev, khw hauv khw, rooj nthuav qhia thiab lwm yam kev siv, cov pob zeb ua haujlwm ruaj khov yog siv dav hauv ntau cov tsev duplex. Cov.
Sab nraum zoov staircase vim hais tias coj mus rau hauv cov cua thiab nag thiab lwm yam xwm txheej, qhov pom dav dav ntawm cov khoom ntoo zoo nkauj, ntaiv steel, hlau ntaiv thiab lwm yam yog li tsis tsim nyog, txhawb cov pob zeb staircase, ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb staircase yog qhov ntau tshaj Cov. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv "daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lag luam kev lag luam daim ntawv qhia."
Ordinary staircase
Raws li cov khoom siv tau muab faib rau hauv cov tsev txhawb nqa pob zeb ua haujlwm, steel ntaiv, ntoo ntaiv thiab lwm yam.
1, muaj zog pob zeb ua haujlwm ntaiv
Hauv cov txheej txheem txhav, hluav taws, nqi, kev tsim kho thiab qauv ua qauv, thiab lwm yam muaj ntau yam zoo dua, daim ntawv thov tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov pob zeb ua haujlwm khov kho muaj peb hom castings, prefabricated, ib feem nrum thiab qee qhov prefabricated: tag nrho cov xa nrum, qhov kev nruj me ntsis yog qhov zoo, nws tsim nyog rau cov tsev nrog tshwj xeeb thiab av qeeg siab, tab sis tus qauv tsim nyog, ntev siv cov sij hawm. Prefabricated staircase Cheebtsam yog qhov loj, nruab nrab thiab me me. Loj loj yog tag nrho cov ntaiv thiab platform prefabricated rau hauv ib qho khoom siv; nruab nrab yog cov ntaiv thiab lub platform pre-ua rau hauv kev tivthaiv, kev siv dav dav; me me yog cov theem ntaiv ntawm qhov nce, theem, platform nqaj thiab pawg Ua Los ntawm ntau yam me me, nrog vuam, thauj tog rau nkoj, ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tus pin thiab lwm txoj hauv kev txuas rau hauv tag nrho. Kuj tseem muaj ntau hom me ntawm prefabricated L-zoo li tus ntaiv ntaiv, raws li cov ntaiv ntaiv nyob sab phab ntsa, chaw nres khoom ntaiv cantilevered. Me prefabricated sib dhos ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm kev yoog raws, kev thauj mus los thiab kev teeb tsa yog qhov yooj yim, tus nqi qis.
Ib feem ntawm lub xaib tau nchuav thiab ib feem ntawm qhov sib dhos prefabricated, feem ntau thawj pwm casting staircase nqaj, thiab tom qab ntawd nruab lub prefabricated thiab platform phaj, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv peb cov khoom sib xyaw steel kom hliv qhob, txawm rau hauv tag nrho. Cov qauv no txuag cov qauv thiab txo lub sijhawm piv rau lub tshav pob suav sau, tab sis tseem tseem khaws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cheebtsam uas tau npaj ua ntej, thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov loj me thiab daim ntawv.
Reinforced qhob staircase yuav tsum tau yooj yim nto mus taug kev, hnav, plam, yooj yim los ntxuav. Cov txheej txheej saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau ua cov cement mortar, tuaj yeem siv cov terrazzo lossis cib, marble veneer, ntxiv rau cov ntaub pua plag roj, yas hloov chaw thiab ntaub pua plag. Kauj ruam ze ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo, muaj cov xis mas muaj av emery, mosaic, yas, roj hmab thiab lwm cov khoom tiv thaiv kev txhav, lossis nrog ib txoj kab sib tsoo ntawm tej hub lossis hlau cov ntaub ntawv tread, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv.
2, steel ntaiv
Siv rau cog thiab xa khoom. Hauv cov tsev haujlwm pej xeem, siv ntau dua raws li cov hluav taws kev khiav tawm tsev. Tus load-tau cov kabmob ua ke ntawm cov staircase steel tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov pob qij txha ntawm lub Cheebtsam feem ntau yog anchored lossis welded los ntawm bolts. Anti - xeb txheej rau txheej txheej saum npoo. Kauj ruam thiab platform phaj yog yooj yim siv embossed lossis daim phiaj tsis-plam. Txhawm rau kom txo cov suab nrov thiab xav txog qhov ua tiav, tso txheej txheej elastic lossis pob zeb ua, pob zeb thiab lwm yam txheej saum npoo ntawm lub rooj zaum steel; kuj tuaj yeem ncaj qha rau ntawm cov nqaj nqaj hlau tso pob zeb ua kom ruaj khov lossis pob zeb theem, qhov ntaiv no hu ua staircase modular.
3, ntoo ntaiv
Vim tias hluav taws kub, qhov tsis pub tshaj ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj tsawg. Muaj ob yam ntawm cov kauj ruam tsaus thiab hom Mingbu. Tawm hauv cov ntaiv oblique nqaj (tseem hu ua staircase los pab) nyob rau hauv qhov zawj rau kauj ruam tsaus nti; ntsia rau saum ntoo daim duab peb sab ntawm lub nqaj rau Ming. Ntoo ntaiv saum npoo txheej nrog tiv thaiv corrosion.
Tshwj xeeb staircase
Raws li kev ua haujlwm txawv txav ntawm tus ntaiv lub ntsiab kev nyab xeeb, tus ntaiv hluav taws, tus ntaiv nce peb.
1, ntaiv kev nyab xeeb
Kuj tseem hu ua theem ntaiv khiav tawm, rau thaj chaw, pej xeem cov tsev thiab ntau lub tsev ntau lub tsev thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev khiav tawm. Txuas ntxiv rau theem siab ntawm cov hluav taws uas tsis muaj zog-cov pej xeem tsawg thiab cov tsev nyob hauv qab rau (6), lwm yam xws li kev kho mob, kev ua tau zoo, kev ua kis las thiab ntau dua 5 txheej ntawm cov chaw pw ua ke, tsev so thiab lwm lub tuam tsev pej xeem, thiab raws li cov cai ntawm txhua txheej ntau tshaj 100 mus rau 300 Square, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim ntau dua 5 txog 25 tus neeg hauv chav ua haujlwm ntau qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab sab nraud ntawm tus ntaiv loj thiab tom qab ntawd teeb tsa cov ntaiv kev khiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej. Ntau tshaj li 10 lub tsev ntawm cov tsev nyob lossis cov tsev siab, kom muaj kev tiv thaiv lub tsev hluav taws thaum lub tsev ntawm tus ntaiv thiab tus ntaiv kom tsis muaj peev xwm khiav tau cov tsheb khiav ntsug, ua pa luam yeeb ntaiv.
Tus naj npawb thiab qhov dav ntawm cov ntaiv kev nyab xeeb yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev khiav dej nyab thiab txoj kab nqes tsis loj dua 45 °. Kev nyab xeeb ntaiv qhib rau ntawm lub qhov rooj, yuav tsum siv hluav taws qhov tsawg tshaj li 1.5 teev los yog ntau dua lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws, saum toj no tuaj yeem tsim kho kom tua tau cov khoom hluav taws. Lub qhov rooj ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntaiv tawm yuav tsum qhib rau sab nraud thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsav tsheb thiab yuav tsum txuas nrog qhov chaw sab nraud lossis txoj kev tsheb. Kev tshem tawm ntaiv xws li teeb tsa tawm sab nraud, haus luam yeeb sai, cov kev tshem tawm zoo dua. Cov ntaiv kev nyab xeeb feem ntau yog qhov chaw pov rau cov pob zeb thaiv pob zeb lossis ntaiv steel.
2, hluav taws ntaiv
Feem ntau steel staircase, tsim rau siv los ntawm cov tua hluav taws, qhov chaw nws thiab qhov ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub tsev, cov naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev thiab cov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Hluav taws ntaiv ncaj thiab qaij ob pawg: ncaj rau ntawm hom steel ntaiv, txwv rau ib lossis ob txheej txheej nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm kev siv; qaij nqes hav ntawm 60 ° ~ 80 °, xav tau teeb tsa tus tes tuav, So platform thiab lwm yam. Lub tsev siab siab txhawm rau siv cov kev xav tau thiab kev nyab xeeb, hauv lub platform kom tawm tsis pub tsawg dua 600 × 700 hli peb sab ntawm cov ncej nqa. Hluav taws ntaiv rau qib tom ntej, txhawm rau 2 mus rau 2.5 metres ntawm qhov av, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg ruam nce toj.
3, tus ntaiv nce rooj
Los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nruab nrab ntawm hauv pem teb ntawm cov hlau truss thiab nruab nrog cov taw ntaiv, txhaws, hlua ntsia, kev ua ub ua no, xws li txuas tus pas nrig, nrog hluav taws xob. Qhov ntsuas ntawm escalator yog li 30 °, thiab qhov dav ib leeg thiab ob npaug, thiab qhov ceev yuav tsum txog 0.5 m / s. Qhov kev npaj ntawm tus escalator yog mus tib seem, hla kev, sib xyaw thiab lwm yam. Escalator muaj cov neeg caij tsheb muaj peev xwm thiab tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov neeg, rau cov khw muag khoom, chaw nres tsheb, kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab lwm qhov chaw pej xeem, nrog rau cov tsev siab nyob hauv cov dej hauv zos ntawm ntau cov neeg siab.
